Emergence of Balamuthia mandrillaris meningoencephalitis in India.

We report two cases of fatal chronic meningoencephalitis caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris in immunocompetent men. Diagnosis of amoebic meningoencephalitis was made ante‑mortem in one case and postmortem in another by histopathological examination and confirmed by demonstration of B. mandrillaris deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).